Influence of Edible Films upon the Moisture Loss and Microstructure of Dietetic Sucrose-Free Sponge Cakes during Storage

The kinetics of changes in the bound water content in dietetic sucrose-free sponge cakes (DC) during storage was investigated. The effect of edible films of polymyxan, pectin, xanthan, and carboxymethylcellulose upon this kinetics was also investigated. The quantitative changes in both states of water (slightly bound water and strongly bound water) were registered by combined dynamic analysis (thermogravimetry analysis, TGA, and differential thermal analysis, DTA). The moisture changes in DC crumb were analyzed by drying out to constant mass. The rate constants were determined according the equation q = q_oe^-kt. The values of rate constants 'k', in day^-1, concerning the different edible films were as follows: for crumb moisture is (8.00 ≤ k ≤ 12.47) × 10^-3, for bound water is (3.07 ≤ k_w ≤ 6.26) × 10^-2, for slightly bound water is (4.22 ≤ k₁ ≤ 8.49) × 10^-2 and for strongly bound water is (2.02 ≤ k₂ ≤ 5.62) × 10^-2 as compared to 18.53 × 10^-3, 7.16 × 10^-2, 9.04 × 10^-2, and 5.36 × 10^-2 in the uncovered DC, respectively. The best water-retaining effect in respect to crumb moisture during storage was ascertained in the use of polymyxan and xanthan films. The lowest rate constant values for bound water and its two states were measured for DC covered with pectin. The relation between the kinetics of both bound water states during storage and ageing of the crumb of DC covered with different edible films and the crumb microstructure was represented. By means of scanning electron microscope was read the smallest change in crumb microstructure of pectin-covered DC on the sixth day of storage.     

Immobilization and activation of vanadium(III) and titanium(III) single‐site catalysts for ethylene polymerization using MgCl2‐based supports

Significant increases in the activity of vanadium(III) amidinate catalysts for ethylene polymerization have been obtained by immobilization on a MgCl₂‐based support prepared by reaction of AlEt₃ with a MgCl₂/ethanol adduct. Catalyst immobilization and activation on this type of support prevents the rapid decay in activity observed under homogeneous polymerization conditions with unsupported catalysts. Stable polymerization activity is also observed with analogous titanium(III) complexes. Polyethylene with narrow molecular weight distribution and spherical particle morphology is obtained without reactor fouling. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

场激活加压燃烧合成WC-Ni复合材料的工艺参数研究

以钨、碳和镍为原料,在电场激活下,材料的燃烧合成和致密化同时进行,短时间内完成了碳化钨镍复合材料的制备。研究了场激活 加压燃烧合成中的工艺参数,如脉冲电流、能量控制模式、升温速率、最高温度和压力对反应的影响。测量了在反应合成和致密化前后的样品 收缩率。所制备的复合材料的相对密度,490N载荷下Vickers硬度和断裂韧性分别为99.2%,13.965GPa和5.9MP·m1/2。     

Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism with Spilt Cell Technique of Rare Earth Metal on LC4 Al Alloy

A new method of studying the corrosion inhibition mechanism of rare earth metal(REM) on LC4 Al alloy with the spilt cell technique was studied. The principle and experimental method of the spilt cell technique were analyzed. By measuring the change of net-electric current between the two electrodes caused by the change of the amount of oxygen in the solution and the addition of CeCl₃, the influence of corrosive performance of CeCl₃ on LC4 super-power aluminum alloy in the 0.1 mol·L⁻¹ NaCl solution was investigated. Meanwhile, the conditional changes of pH values, CeCl₃ solution, additire and time of performance were also studied. Finally, the features of electrode surface were revealed by using SEM and X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS). By combining these with other electric chemical techniques, such as potential-time curve, polarization curve et al.     

探讨电石法PVC烟气治理方法

分析了电石法PVC生产链中电石炉烟气及电厂烟气二氧化硫的排放情况,指出利用电石炉烟气中的CO合成氨、再将合成氨用于燃煤电厂烟气的"氨法"脱硫是具有较大应用潜力的循环经济产业链。     

Preparation of one-dimensional polymer films by modification of a hydroxymethylbenzene self-assembled monolayer on iron with alkyltriethoxysilanes for preventing iron corrosion

A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of p-hydroxymethylbenzene HOCH₂C₆H₄ - (HOMB) moiety adsorbed on iron by the formation of a covalent bond between carbon and iron atoms was prepared by electrochemical derivatization of an iron electrode with p-hydroxymethylbenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate HOCH₂C₆H₄N₂BF₄. The electrode covered with the HOMB SAM was modified with alkyltriethoxysilanes C_nH_2n+1Si(OC₂H₅)₃ (C_nTES, n = 8 or 18) to prepare a film of one-dimensional polymer. The protective ability of the polymer film was determined by polarization measurement of the covered electrode in an aerated 0.5 M NaCl solution. The ability was enhanced by modification of the HOMB SAM with C_nTES markedly. The iron surface coated with the one-dimensional polymer film of the HOMB SAM modified with C₈TES was characterized by contact angle measurement and FTIR reflection and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. The persistence in the protective ability of the polymer film against iron corrosion in 0.5 M NaCl may be associated with the strong adsorption via the covalent bond, revealed by electron-probe microanalysis.     

Cr对低碳Si-Mn系TRIP钢组织与力学性能的影响

主要研究了Cr对低碳Si-Mn系TRIP钢组织与力学性能的影响。首先利用Formastor-F型膨胀仪测定了含Cr和不含Cr两种低碳钢的连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,分析指出了Cr对连续退火工艺的潜在影响;然后采用Gleeble-3800热/力模拟试验机对两种钢的薄板试样进行了连续退火模拟实验,并通过拉伸试验测定了力学性能;最后采用金相、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射分析等技术考察分析了两种钢的显微组织。结果表明:含Cr的TRIP钢的组织比较细小,铁素体晶粒近似等轴分布;两种TRIP钢的残余奥氏体含量相近,但含Cr钢的残余奥氏体中的含碳量较高。分析认为这是由于含Cr钢在热轧阶段较易生成细小的组织,而在热处理阶段则抑制贝氏体的生成,最终获得稳定的残余奥氏体。     

A flexible architecture for distributed knowledge based systems with nomadic access through handheld devices

Nowadays any Knowledge Based System (KBS) realization needs of intercommunication among distributed components and to use non-connected and distributed data sources, which poses several challenges to the classical Artificial Intelligence field of KBS.

The multiagent paradigm and the use of ontologies are considered to be suitable tools to face the problems of designing and developing today KBS. On the other hand, using such networked KBS through handheld devices makes more efficient exploitation and interaction with the system.

This paper presents an open and flexible architecture for a distributed KBS and an application of it to construct a system for Psychological Disorders consulting, the so called PDA² (Psychological Disorder Assistant through PDA). We analyze the main features of the architecture as well as the agent tools we may use to construct it. Additionally, we present a support ontology for Psychological Disorders.     

解决废钢短缺是特钢业发展的关键

随着短流程炼钢的迅速兴起，废钢消耗量急剧增加，世界范围内废钢供应已经出现了严重缺口，我国每年须从国际市场进口大量废钢才能满足钢铁生产的供需平衡，在我国废钢已成为紧缺资源，影响着我国特钢业的发展。分析了这一形势，并初步探讨了解决这一问题的方法，建立合理的废钢储备及使用体系，使废钢资源合理化流动，同时积极探寻优质的废钢代用品，以便从根本上解决我国废钢短缺问题。     

抗窄带干扰宽带中频数字接收机的设计与实现

讨论了存在强干扰条件下MSK中频数字接收机的频域窄带干扰抑制、伪码快速捕获、MSK相干解调等实现方法。具体实现中提出了基于功率估计的码捕获门限实时调整方案，解决了动态干扰条件下的快速码捕获问题。基于FPGA DSP硬件设计和软件可编程数字信号处理算法，接收机具有较强的适应性和稳定性。